Relationship of indicators of ability and experience of military sports skydiving with the psychological state and performance in competition of elite jumpers / Relación de indicadores de habilidad y experiencia del paracaidismo deportivo militar con el estado psicológico y rendimiento en competición de saltadores de élite / Relação dos indicadores de habilidade e experiência do paraquedismo esportivo militar com o estado psicológico e desempenho em competição de saltadores de elite

Se deben considerar múltiples variables cuando se habla de rendimiento deportivo. Entre ellas, la literatura establece la importancia de la psicología y las técnicas indicadoras de la experiencia adquirida en la disciplina. Este estudio pretende establecer la relación entre determinados constructos que definen el perfil psicológico del deportista con indicadores de habilidad en paracaidismo militar. Para ello, se encuestó a 42 saltadores de 40,86 años (±7,35) pertenecientes al ejército español y a la guardia civil durante la celebración del Campeonato Nacional Militar de paracaidismo que se celebra anualmente, para conocer su nivel de optimismo, resiliencia, bienestar psicológico y burnout. Se concluye que los años de experiencia en paracaidismo y el número de saltos, como indicadores de habilidad, deben ser tomados en cuenta con un mayor nivel de concreción y especificidad, ya que ciertas variables psicológicas pueden aumentar o disminuir dependiendo de ellas. Conviene estudiar cada caso en particular para comprender qué puede ocurrir en el estado del paracaidista y desarrollar estrategias para optimizar el rendimiento deportivo. (AU)

Multiple variables must be considered when talking about sports performance. Among them, the literature establishes the importance of psychology and indicator techniques of experience acquired in the discipline. This study aims to establish the relationship between certain constructs that define the psychological profile of the athlete with skill indicators in military parachuting. For this, 42 jumpers aged 40.86 years old (±7.35) belonging to the Spanish army and the civil guard during the celebration of the National Military Championship of Skydiving which is held annually surveyed to know their level of optimism, resilience, psychological well-being, and burnout. It is concluded that the years of skydiving experience and the number of jumps, as indicators of skill, must be taken into account with a higher level of concreteness and specificity since certain psychological variables can increase or decrease depending on them. It is convenient to study each case, in particular, to understand what can happen in the state of the parachutist and develop strategies for optimizing sports performance. (AU)

Múltiplas variáveis devemser consideradas quando se fala em desempenho desportivo. Eentre eles, a literatura estabelece a importância da psicologia e das técnicas indicadoras daexperiência adquirida na disciplina. Este estudo visa estabelecer a relaçãoentre determinados constructos que definem o perfil psicológico do atleta com indicadores de habilidade no paraquedismo militar. Para tal, foram inquiridos 42 saltadores com 40,86anos (±7,35) pertencentes ao exército espanhol e à guarda civil durante a celebração do Campeonato Nacional Militar de paraquedismo que se realiza anualmente para conhecer o seu nível de optimismo, resiliência, bem-estar psicológicoe esgotamento. Conclui-se que os anos de experiência em paraquedismo e o número de saltos, como indicadores de habilidade, devem ser levados em consideração com maior grau deespecificidade, pois certas variáveis psicológicas podem aumentar ou diminuir. É conveniente estudar cada caso em particular para entender o que pode acontecer no estado do paraquedista e desenvolver estratégias para otimizar o desempenho esportivo. (AU)

Influence of the Psychomotor Profile in the Improvement of Learning in Early Childhood Education.

The development of psychomotor skills in childhood enables children to organise the outside world through their bodies, contributing to their intellectual, affective, and social development. The present study aimed to longitudinally evaluate the psychomotor profile, throughout three academic years, of 3, 4 and 5-year-olds belonging to the second cycle of infant school, relating it descriptively to academic performance. The sample consisted of 82 subjects aged between 3 and 6 years throughout the study. The distribution of the sample was homogeneous, with 47.6% boys (n = 39) and 52.4% girls (n = 43). The results not only highlight the importance of the development and stimulation of motor skills from an early age for the overall development of the child, but also, when related to previous studies, show how they influence the development of human beings in adulthood.

Mood, Burnout, and Dispositional Optimism in Kayak Polo Players During Their Competitive Stage.

The main objective of performance sport is to obtain achievements at the highest level through the adequate development of the athlete. The scientific literature demonstrates the fundamental role played by the inclusion of certain psychological variables in the training plan. This study examined the psychological profile of kayak polo players through the variables of burnout, optimism, and mood in the hours prior to the competition, relating these to each other and to some sociodemographic data. A sample of 86 canoeists, 60 men (69.8%) and 26 women (30.2%), with an age measurement of 24.4 ± 9.1 years belonging to the first male and female kayak polo division, completed the POMS-29, the LOT-R, and the IBD-R. Athletes' levels of optimism were found to be significantly correlated with mood. Optimism also influenced emotional exhaustion. In addition, seniority and internationality were decisive factors in the level of optimism and mood achieved.

The Seneb's Enigma: Impact of a Hybrid Personal and Social Responsibility and Gamification Model-Based Practice on Motivation and Healthy Habits in Physical Education.

Increasing physical activity (PA) and personal and social values are two of the greatest demands in the current educational system. This study examined the effects of a program based on the hybridization of the Personal and Social Responsibility Model and gamification. A total of 58 students (13.89 years old, SD = 1.14) in two groups (experimental and control) participated during a complete academic year. Motivation, physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed through questionnaires. Physical fitness was evaluated using previously validated field tests. The results showed significant differences over time between the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG) in afterschool physical activity (APA) during the weekend (p = 0.003), sedentary time (p = 0.04) and speed-agility (p = 0.04). There were no significant differences in motivation. In reference to the intervention, the speed-agility (p = 0.000), strength (p = 0.000), agility (p = 0.000), cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.001), APA-weekend (p = 0.000), APA-week (p = 0.000) and sedentary time (p = 0.000) increased significantly in the EG. The speed-agility (p = 0.000), APA-weekend (p = 0.03) and sedentary time (p = 0.008) increased in the CG. The implementation of a program based on the hybridization of pedagogical models can be useful in producing improvements in physical fitness, physical activity and sedentary behaviors.

Effects of an Educational Hybrid Physical Education Program on Physical Fitness, Body Composition and Sedentary and Physical Activity Times in Adolescents: The Seneb's Enigma.

Physical activity (PA), body composition and sedentary behavior may affect the health of children. Therefore, this study examined the effect of an educational hybrid physical education (PE) program on physical fitness (PF), body composition and sedentary and PA times in adolescents. A 9-month group-randomized controlled trial was conducted in 150 participants (age: 14.63 ± 1.38 years) allocated into the control group (CG, n = 37) and experimental group (EG, n = 113). Cardiorespiratory fitness, speed, strength, agility, flexibility and body mass index (BMI) were assessed through previously validated field tests. Sedentary time, PA at school and afterschool were evaluated with the Youth Activity Profile-Spain questionnaire. Significant differences were observed concerning to the CG in APA-weekend (p = 0.044), speed-agility (p = 0.005) and agility (p = 0.008). Regarding the intervention, cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.000), speed-agility (p = 0.000), strength (p = 0.000), flexibility (p = 0.000), agility (p = 0.000), PA in school (p = 0.011), APA-weekday (p = 0.001), APA-weekend (p = 0.000), APA-week (p = 0.000), and sedentary time (p = 0.000) increased significantly in the EG. The use of a hybrid program based on teaching personal and social responsibility and gamification strategies produced enhancements in cardiorespiratory fitness, agility, speed, APA-weekdays and APA-weekends, reducing the sedentary time.

Rendimiento físico y psicológico en lucha olímpica: predictores del éxito en lucha femenina / Physical and psychological wrestling performance: success predictors in female Olympic wrestling

Este estudio se llevó a cabo para determinar los componentes del rendimiento físico, psicológico y antropométrico relacionado con el éxito en lucha olímpica femenina. Treinta y cinco mujeres luchadoras de la especialidad de Libre Olímpica Femenina fueron divididas en dos grupos de acuerdo a su nivel competitivo: Élite (n=13) y Amateur (n=22). Todos los sujetos fueron sometidos a una valoración antropométrica, a una completa batería de test físicos (test de fuerza dinámica e isométrica máxima, potencia muscular, test Wingate de brazos, velocidad de desplazamiento y test de extensibilidad isquiosural) así como una valoración de sus características psicológicas asociadas al rendimiento deportivo mediante el Inventario Psicológico de Ejecución Deportiva. Las luchadoras de élite presentaron niveles superiores en edad, experiencia en el entrenamiento, fuerza dinámica e isométrica máxima, potencia mecánica máxima, potencia y capacidad anaeróbica del test Wingate, así como valores inferiores en masa grasa. Las luchadoras de élite mostraron igualmente autopercepciones significativamente superiores en la escala de autoconfianza en relación a las luchadoras amateur. Estos resultados sugieren que la optimización del metabolismo anaeróbico y neuromuscular, así como determinadas habilidades psicológicas asociadas al rendimiento deportivo son condicionales y por lo tanto predictoras del éxito en lucha olímpica femenina (AU)

This study was undertaken to determine differences in physical, psychological and body composition variables related to success in female Olympic wrestling. Thirty five female freestyle wrestlers were assigned into two groups according to their competitive level: Elite (n=13) and Amateur (n=22). All subjects underwent an anthropometric assessment, a complete physical fitness test battery (maximal dynamic and isometric strength, muscle power output, crank-arm Wingate test, running speed and hamstring extensibility) as well as psychological characteristics assessment associated with sport performance through the Psychological Performance Inventory. Elite wrestlers were older, had more training experience, maximal dynamic and isometric strength, muscle power, mean and peak power during the crank-arm Wingate test, as well as lower percent body fat values. Furthermore, elite wrestlers showed significantly higher self-perceptions in the self-confidence scale. The present results suggest that several neuromuscular, anaerobic and psychological performance markers can be consider such as success predictors in female Olympic wrestling (AU)

Factores físicos y psicológicos predictores del éxito en lucha olímpica / Physical and psychological factors in predicting olympic wrestling performance

Este estudio se llevó a cabo para determinar los componentes del rendimiento físico, psicológico y antropométrico relacionados con el éxito en Lucha olímpica. Treinta y siete luchadores varones de las especialidades de Libre olímpica y Grecorromana fueron divididos en dos grupos de acuerdo a su nivel competitivo: Élite (n = 18) y Amateur (n = 19). Todos los sujetos fueron sometidos a una valoración antropométrica, a una completa batería de test físicos (test de fuerza dinámica e isométrica máxima, potencia muscular, test wingate de brazos, velocidad de desplazamiento y de extensibilidad isquiosural) así como a una valoración de sus características psicológicas asociadas al rendimiento deportivo mediante el Inventario Psicológico de Ejecución Deportiva. Los luchadores de élite presentaron niveles superiores en edad, experiencia en el entrenamiento, masa libre de grasa, fuerza dinámica e isométrica máxima, potencia mecánica máxima, potencia y capacidad anaeróbica del test wingate, así como autopercepciones significativamente superiores en autoconfianza, control actitudinal y en la media total del sumatorio de todas las escalas. Estos resultados sugieren que la optimización del metabolismo anaeróbico y neuromuscular, así como determinadas variables psicológicas asociadas al rendimiento deportivo son condicionales y por lo tanto predictoras del éxito en Lucha olímpica (AU)

This study was undertaken to analyse differences in physical, psychological and anthropometric markers related to success in olympic wrestling. Thirty seven male Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers were assigned to two groups according to their competitive level: Elite (n = 18) and Amateur (n = 19). All the subjects underwent an anthropometric assessment, a complete physical fitness test battery (maximal dynamic and isometric strength, muscle power output, crank-arm wingate test, running speed and hamstring extensibility) as well as a psychological characteristics assessment associated with sport performance through the Psychological Performance Inventory. The elite wrestlers were older, had more training experience, a fat free mass, maximal dynamic and isometric strength, muscle power, mean and peak power during wingate testing and significantly higher self- perceptions of self-control, attitude control and the total average of the sum of all the scales. These results suggest that the optimisation of neuromuscular and anaerobic metabolism and several psychological performance markers are conditional and thus predictive of success in wrestling (AU)

Factores anaeróbicos predictores del éxito en lucha olímpica / Anaerobic factors to predict wrestling performance

Este estudio se llevó a cabo para determinar la relación existente entre el rendimiento del metabolismo anaeróbico (potencia y capacidad anaeróbica) y el éxito en Lucha. Tomaron parte en el estudio 37 luchadores varones de las especialidades de Libre Olímpica y Grecorromana, con una masa corporal comprendida entre 68-84 kg. De acuerdo con su nivel de rendimiento los sujetos fueron divididos en 2 grupos: Élite (n = 18) y Amateur (n = 19). Todos los sujetos realizaron un test Wingate de 30s en un cicloergómetro SRM Indoor Trainer (Schoberer RadMeßtechnik, Germany) que fue específicamente modificado para realizar la ergometría de brazos en bipedestación. Se personalizó individualmente la altura del eje del pedalier y la (..) (AU)

This study was undertaken to establish the relationship between anaerobic metabolism (anaerobic power and anaerobic capacity) and success in wrestling. Thirty seven male FreeStyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers took part in this study, body mass ranged between 68-84 kg. According to the performance level, all the wrestlers were (..) (AU)

Opinión de los escolares de la región de Murcia en relación a su práctica deportiva y preferencias respecto al deporte / Student’s sport preferences and beliefs about their sport practice in Murcia (Spain)

Las actividades físico-deportivas ocupan un lugar destacado en nuestra sociedad, convirtiéndose en un bien cultural y factor esencial de la vida sana y equilibrada. Planteamos la hipótesis de que la práctica de un modelo de deporte escolar educativo y formativo, puede favorecer el proceso formativo de los niños en edad escolar. Para ello, es necesario analizar una muestra donde se pondrá de manifiesto por edades, sexos, comarcas y ciclos lo que piensan los escolares de esta Región sobre el deporte y qué actividades prefieren para llenar su tiempo libre, entre otras cosas. Los resultados nos determinan que a un 85% de los escolares de la Región de Murcia les gusta el deporte y además les gusta practicarlo (AU)

Physical activities are nowadays a big part of our society, and have become a part of our culture and are essential to achieve a healthy way of life. We hypothesised that the practice of scholar sports can help children’s development at the school age. For that reason, we had analysed children’s beliefs and those activities they prefer to join in their leisure time. Among other factors, we studied this population by age, gender and location. The results showed us that 85% of the students at the school age of the Murcia Region liked sports and enjoyed the practice of it (AU)